Definition Gerunds
Gerund is the verb form –ing used as a noun, form
of the same as the form in present participle/v-ing, differences between the present
participle is that the gerund is a noun while the present participle is an adjective.
Some functions of
gerund, that is :
1. Gerund as subject
Example :
Reading is my
hobby
information :
Reading is a gerund as the subject of his
2. Gerund as object
a.
Object of verb
Example :
I don’t mind visiting you
Some
verb to be followed by a gerund, that is :
admint, appreciate, avoid, anticipate,
continue, deny, delay, detest, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, keep, mind,
pratisie, prevent, risk, understand, quit.
b.
Object of
preposition
She is good at speaking English
3. Gerund as complement
Example :
Her hobby is
singing
4. Gerund as noun modifier
Example :
The reading book
is on the table
Definition infinitives
Infinitives are the basic forms of the verbs. In English,
infinitives writing usually begins by “to”. Example : to read, to walk, to
give, and so on. Although in general the infinitive preceded by “to”, but there
are some infinitive without "to", usually referred to as "bare
infinitive". Example: “Help me open the window”.
Some verbs that can be
followed by the usual "infinitives" is as follows: hope to, plan to,
advise to, command to, compel to, encourage to, intend to, decide to, promise
to, agree to, offer to, refuse to, seem to, appear to, pretend to, ask to,
expect to, would like to, want to, need to, forbid to, force to, beg to,
instruct to, invite to, order to, etc.
Formula to use the
infinitive:
a. Subject + Verb + to infinitive
Sample sentences :
I want to study English.
He refused to go.
I hope to see you again.
b. Subject + Verb + Object (nouns/ Pronouns) + to infinitive
Sample sentences :
I want you to study
English, now.
The doctor advised him
to stop smoking.
The police ordered the
driver to stop.
NOTE :
Keep in mind that this
infinitive form of the word can not be plus-s,-es,-ed, or-ing.
DIFFERENCES GERUND WITH INFINITIVES
Following certain verb "different"
Verbs followed by gerund: avoid, admit, appreciate, anticipate, continue,
deny, detest, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, fancy, keep, mind,
postpone, prevent, risk, resist.
Meanwhile, the
infinitive verb followed: ask, allow, advice, beg, decide, expect, hope,
intend, invite, instruct, learn, mean, need, purpose, promise, permit, want,
warn, would like, tell, teach, urge.
In the case of propositional Object : (To be) used to
When the infinitive, Example
: I used to cry every night. Then the
old habits, the "I" would not cry every night anymore.
While the gerund, Example : I’m used to crying every night. Then the habit until now, the "I" is still like crying every night.
Note that we use for the gerund to be, while the infinitive is not. differences Meanings
There are verbs that
can be followed ing (gerund) or prefixed to (infinitive) which was not
different meanings (so we can freely use).that is : advise, begin, continue,
dislike, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
But there are words which when used in gerund form will differ in meaning with the infinitive form, that is : forget, remember, stop, regret. Contoh :
- I forget cooking a bowl soup for you (the "I" forgot that he had to cook soup for "you")
- I forget to cook a bowl soup for you (the "I" forget, and not cooking soup for "you")
- The chef stops cooking (the "chef" stop cooking)
- The chef stops to cook (the "chef" to stop the cooking)
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