Menumbuh Kembangkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Koperasi

Ekonomi Koperasi

Menumbuh kembangkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Koperasi

Disusun oleh        : Risandi Permata Putra (17213786)
Kelas                    : 2EA21
Jurusan                 : Manajemen
Fakultas                : Ekonomi
Dosen                   : Nurhadi

Kata Pengantar

Segala  puji  hanya  milik  Allah SWT.  Shalawat  dan  salam  selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah SAW.  Berkat  limpahan  dan rahmat-Nya penyusun  mampu  menyelesaikan  tugas sofskill ini guna memenuhi tugas  mata kuliah Ekonomi Koperasi.

Dalam penyusunan tugas atau materi ini, tidak sedikit hambatan yang penulis hadapi. Namun penulis menyadari bahwa kelancaran dalam penyusunan materi ini tidak lain berkat bantuan, dorongan, dan bimbingan orang tua, sehingga kendala-kendala yang penulis hadapi teratasi.

Makalah ini disusun agar pembaca dapat memperluas ilmu tentang kaitan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Koperasi, yang kami sajikan berdasarkan pengamatan dari berbagai sumber informasi, referensi, dan berita. Makalah ini di susun oleh penyusun dengan berbagai rintangan. Baik itu yang datang dari diri penyusun maupun yang datang dari luar. Namun dengan penuh kesabaran dan terutama pertolongan dari Allah akhirnya makalah ini dapat terselesaikan.

            Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih luas dan menjadi sumbangan pemikiran kepada pembaca khususnya para mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma. Saya sadar bahwa makalah ini masih banyak kekurangan dan jauh dari sempurna. Untuk itu,  kepada  dosen  pembimbing  saya  meminta  masukannya  demi  perbaikan  pembuatan  makalah  saya  di  masa  yang  akan  datang dan mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari para pembaca.


                                                                            Bekasi, Oktober 2014

                                                                                                                            (Penulis)

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................i

DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................ii
PENDAHULUAN............................................................................... 1

1.      Latar Belakang................................................................................................. 1

PEMBAHASAN.................................................................................. 2

1.      Pengertian Partisipasi....................................................................................... 2

2.      Arti Pentingnya Partisipasi Bagi Koperasi....................................................... 2

3.      Cara Agar Masyarakat Berpartisipasi Terhadap Koperasi............................... 2

a)      Membangun Koperasi di Lingkungan Masyarakat.................................... 2

b)      Koperasi Menjadi Salah Satu Mata Pelajaran di Sekolah.......................... 2

c)      Pengarahan Kepada Masyarakat Secara Merata........................................ 2

d)     Menyukseskan Koperasi............................................................................ 3

4.      Cara Meningkatkan Partisipasi di Dalam Koperasi......................................... 3

a)      Melalui Penggunaan Materi....................................................................... 3

                    i.            Bonus................................................................................................. 3

                  ii.            Tunjangan.......................................................................................... 3

                iii.            Komisi................................................................................................ 3

                iv.            Insentif............................................................................................... 3

b)     Melalui Penggunaan Non Materi............................................................... 3

                    i.            Memberi Motivasi............................................................................. 3

                  ii.            Melibatkan Semua Unsur.................................................................. 3

c)      Meningkatkan Partisipasi Kontribusi Keuangan....................................... 4

d)     Membangun dan Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Terhadap Koperasi........... 4

e)      Meningkatkan partispasi menbantu dalam pengambilan keputusan......... 4

5.      Adanya upaya memperbaiki partisipasi........................................................... 4

6.      Adanya upaya merangsang anggota koperasi agar mau berpartisipasi........... 4 
PENUTUP...................................................................................... 5

1.             Kesimpulan.................................................................................................... 5

2.             Saran.............................................................................................................. 5

DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................6    

PENUTUP

1.      Kesimpulan

Partisipasi koperasi adalah keikutsertaan anggota dalam melakukan kegiatan koperasi demi kesejahteraan bersama. Tanpa adanya partisipasi dari anggota di suatu organisasi maka organisasi tidak akan berjalan dengan baik.

Meningkatkan partisipasi ialah salah satu cara agar setiap anggota dapat berkesempatan bekerja, bekerja sama, dan dapat berkembang di dalam koperasi. Disisi lain koperasi bergantung pada masyarakat sekitar, karena koperasi berdiri di lingkungan masyarakat untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat yang masuk ke dalam koperasi.

2.      Saran

     Demi kepentingan bersama partisipasi masyarakat terhadap koperasi harus di patenkan agar dapat mencapai tujuan bersama antara lain menumbuh kembangkan partisipasi masyarakat, menampung kegiatan ekonomi rakyat, menciptakan peluang anggota dan mampu membuka membuka kesempatan kerja yang luas sehingga keberadaan koperasi dapat menjadi sumber kekuatan ekonomi kerakyatan agar dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan mengurangi kemiskinan.





 

DIFFERENCES GERUND WITH INFINITIVES

Definition Gerunds

            Gerund is the verb form –ing used as a noun, form of the same as the form in present participle/v-ing, differences between the present participle is that the gerund is a noun while the present participle is an adjective.

Some functions of gerund, that is :

1.  Gerund as subject

Example :

Reading is my hobby

information :

Reading is a gerund as the subject of his

2.  Gerund as object

a.       Object of verb

Example :

I don’t mind visiting you

Some verb to be followed by a gerund, that is :

admint, appreciate, avoid, anticipate, continue, deny, delay, detest, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, keep, mind, pratisie, prevent, risk, understand, quit.

b.      Object of preposition

She is good at speaking English

3.  Gerund as complement

Example :

Her hobby is singing

4.  Gerund as noun modifier

Example :

The reading book is on the table

Definition infinitives

            Infinitives are the basic forms of the verbs. In English, infinitives writing usually begins by “to”. Example : to read, to walk, to give, and so on. Although in general the infinitive preceded by “to”, but there are some infinitive without "to", usually referred to as "bare infinitive". Example: “Help me open the window”.

Some verbs that can be followed by the usual "infinitives" is as follows: hope to, plan to, advise to, command to, compel to, encourage to, intend to, decide to, promise to, agree to, offer to, refuse to, seem to, appear to, pretend to, ask to, expect to, would like to, want to, need to, forbid to, force to, beg to, instruct to, invite to, order to, etc.

Formula to use the infinitive:

a.  Subject + Verb + to infinitive

Sample sentences :

I want to study English.

He refused to go.

I hope to see you again.

b.  Subject + Verb + Object (nouns/ Pronouns) + to infinitive

Sample sentences :

I want you to study English, now.

The doctor advised him to stop smoking.

The police ordered the driver to stop.

NOTE :

Keep in mind that this infinitive form of the word can not be plus-s,-es,-ed, or-ing.

DIFFERENCES GERUND WITH INFINITIVES

Following certain verb "different"

Verbs followed by gerund: avoid, admit, appreciate, anticipate, continue, deny, detest, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, fancy, keep, mind, postpone, prevent, risk, resist.

Meanwhile, the infinitive verb followed: ask, allow, advice, beg, decide, expect, hope, intend, invite, instruct, learn, mean, need, purpose, promise, permit, want, warn,  would like, tell, teach, urge.

In the case of propositional Object : (To be) used to

When the infinitive, Example : I used to cry every night. Then the old habits, the "I" would not cry every night anymore.

While the gerund, Example : I’m used to crying every night. Then the habit until now, the "I" is still like crying every night.

Note that we use for the gerund to be, while the infinitive is not. differences Meanings

             There are verbs that can be followed ing (gerund) or prefixed to (infinitive) which was not different meanings (so we can freely use).that is : advise, begin, continue, dislike, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start. 

But there are words which when used in gerund form will differ in meaning with the infinitive form, that is : forget, remember, stop, regret. Contoh :

• I forget cooking a bowl soup for you (the "I" forgot that he had to cook soup for "you")
• I forget to cook a bowl soup for you (the "I" forget, and not cooking soup for "you")
• The chef stops cooking (the "chef" stop cooking)
• The chef stops to cook (the "chef" to stop the cooking)

 Sumber :

http://dasarbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2013/06/definisi-atau-pengertian-fungsi-dan.html

http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2013/04/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-infinitives.html

http://monicaelizabetsihombingstba.blogspot.com/2013/01/bagaimana-membedakan-gerund-dan-to.html

Vision and Mission of the 2014 presidential candidate

Vision and mission Prabowo-Hatta

Prabowo-Hatta declared vision to its fullest is the purpose and goals of the Founding Fathers, namely:

And for that Prabowo-Hatta will carry MISSION as follows:

1. Realizing Indonesian sovereign, secure and peaceful, dignified, democratic, active role in the peace of the world, and consistently implement Pancasila and the Constitution 45.
2. Realizing Indonesia fair, prosperous, populist, and confident to face globalization.
3. Realizing Indonesian social justice, the human resources noble moral culture; High quality: healthy, intelligent, creative and skilled.

Vision Mission Jokowi-JK

For the next five years, our government will be guided by the following vision:

The realization of Indonesian sovereign, independent and personality based on mutual cooperation.

Efforts to realize the vision of Indonesia Sovereign, Independent and personality Based on Mutual-Aid that will be pursued through the following missions:

1. Realizing that is capable of maintaining national security sovereignty, sustain economic independence by securing maritime resources, and reflect the personality of Indonesia as an archipelago.
2. Realizing advanced society, balance and democratic society based on rule of law.
3. Realizing foreign policy free-active and strengthen identity as a maritime nation.
4. Realizing the quality of Indonesian human life is high, advanced and prosperous.
5. Realizing the power of the nation-competitive.
6. Realizing maritime Indonesia became independent, advanced, powerful, and based on national interests.
7. Embodies the personality in the cultural community.

Sumber :

http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/ini-visi-dan-misi-prabowo-hatta-serta-jokowi-jk.html

http://www.jakpro.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/wpid-prabowo-hatta1.jpeg

http://seruu.com/images/images_poll/Jokowi-JK.png

Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause or a relative clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective and a noun or pronoun describes on the main clause of a complex sentence, the position of the adjective clause always follows the noun or pronoun that expounds, in a noun phrase or pronoun that serves as the subject or object. Adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun that serves to noun or pronoun menghubungkn with.

Relative pronoun :

1.      Who                                                          4. Whose                      7. That

2.      Whom                                                       5. When

3.      Which                                                        6. Where

Formula Adjective Clause

Complex Sentence :

Independent Clause + Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause :

Relative Pronoun +/-S*+V

Note: * Relative pronouns (who, the which, that) can serve as the subject if there is no subject.

Function Relative Pronoun On Adjective Clause

1.      Who    : use for people as subject

2.      Whom : use for people as object

3.      Which  : use for things(subject/object)

4.      Whose : Shows possession

5.      When   : add information about a time

6.      Where  : add information about a place

7.      That     : use for people or things (subject/object)

Example Sentences Adjective Clause

1.      Who

He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs.

2.      Whom

                        Rendy Whom we met yesterday is a swimmer.

3.      Which

The Movie Which  we saw last night wasn’t very good

4.      Whose

The Lady Whose husband died a year ago bought a car.

5.      When

Wednesday is the day When my uncle always comes over.

6.      Where

The Building Where he works is new.

7.      That

The book That  I bought yesterday is best seller.

Sumber:

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-adjective-relative-clause

Economic development of the Soekarno era to the present

Ir.Soekarno government

            Old orde era began in 1945 - 1965 when the government of Sukarno, at that time the state of the economy in Indonesia is very bad because it is caused by several things:

1.      inflation is high because the currency in Indonesia is more than one, and for a while the Indonesian government declared three prevailing currency is the currency in Indonesia de javashe bank, the Dutch East Indies government currencies, and Japanese currency population. which raises the price - the price in Indonesia to be increased.

2.      Existence of economic blockade by the Dutch since November that impede foreign trade.

3.      empty state coffers

   Efforts - efforts to overcome economic difficulties

1.      Perform loan program by the finance minister of Indonesia.

2.      Doing blockade by offering 500,000 tons of rice aid to India (as India is a country which has the same fate as ever in jajah Indonesia) and India handed over the drugs to Indonesia.

3.      Economics Conference in February 1946, which aims to obtain unanimous agreement when tackling the economic problems that the prodding, such as: production problems, food, clothing.

4.      Establishment of Planning Board (Board Designer Economics) on 19 January 1947.

Efforts - such efforts are underway to revamp the Indonesian economy by stages.

Soeharto government

      The reign of president Suharto in Indonesia in 1966-1997 known as the New Order, at the time of the Indonesian economy still sinking with inflation at that time is as high as, 650% a year. President Suharto when it adds a step that has been done previously by Sukarno and create policies that differ greatly with Sukarno's policy, namely budget discipline, to curb the banking sector, restore the market economy, attention economy, and embrace the western countries to attract capital.

In addition Suharto in the 1970s also boost oil extraction and mining. Thus increasing revenues from oil and gas. From 0.6% billion in 1973 and now reaches 10.6% billion in 1980. Climax of the policy is ketiaka income from oil and gas equal to 80% of the Indonesian export. With this policy, Indonesia can advance in development under the new order.

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie government

            In 21 May 1998 was the initial momentum of the development of political, economic, and social conditions at the time of the Indonesian economy showed a very slow in fixing the multidimensional crisis, and poverty due to corruption, to resolve the financial crisis and perbaikkan Indonesia Habibie made langah - steps:

1.      Restructuring and recapitulation banks through the establishment of IBRA and the State Asset Management unit.

2.      Raise the rupiah against the dollar to below Rp. 10,000.00.

3.      Ratify the Law. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition

4.      Establish a monitoring agency and settlement of foreign debts.

in the economic recovery, the government succeeded in significantly reducing the rate of inflation and monetary fluctuations than at the beginning of the crisis. However, the economic policy measures have not been fully considered encouraging because the policy has no concrete and systematic as the real sector has not recovered. On the other hand, many cases of misuse of state funds and foreign aid makes Indonesia the economic recovery is losing momentum.

Abdurrahman Wahid government

            In 1999 during the reign of Abdurrahman Wahid, Indonesia's economy began to show an improvement. However, the peace of the community after the election of the fourth Indonesian president did not last long. In because the President is starting to show the attitude and utterances issuing controversial confusing business actors. besides, Indonesia threatened declared bankrupt by the Paris Club (donor countries) because it seems clear that the Indonesian economic conditions are getting worse and the government's financial deficit continues to swell, it may not be able to pay back its debt largely maturing in 2002.

upcoming maturity in 2002. In fact, the World Bank had also threatened to halt new loans if the IMF agreement with the Indonesian government stalled.

Megawati Soekarnoputri government

            On 23 July 2001 at Inaugurated Megawati Sukarnoputri became president was the first president of women in Indonesia. problems encountered mostly a legacy of the New Order government, namely the economic crisis and the rule of law. There were some changes made Megawati is one in economics, to address the problem of unstable economy, there are several policy of issued megawati namely:

1.     To overcome foreign debt amounted to 150.80 billion U.S. $ which is a legacy of the New Order, issued in the form of policy delay debt payments of U.S. $ 5.8 billion, so that foreign debt can be reduced U.S. $ 34.66 billion.

2.      To overcome the financial crisis, Megawati succeeded in raising the per capita income of U.S. $ 930.

3.      Rupiah exchange rate can be lowered to U.S. $ 8500.00.

4.      To promote economic growth and put pressure on inflation, the policy is issued in the form of privatization of the state-owned enterprises by selling shares of Indosat so that foreign debt can be reduced.

5.      Improving the performance of exports, so exports in Indonesia can be improved.

6.      To tackle corruption, formed Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK).

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono government.

            Economic conditions in the SBY government has developed very well . Indonesia's economy grew rapidly in 2010 as the world economic recovery after the global crisis from 2008 to 2009 . One of the main causes of Indonesia's economic success is the effectiveness of government policies that focus on fiscal discipline and debt reduction Negara.Perkembangan high that occurred in five Last year brought significant changes to the perception of the world about Indonesia . Yet another major problems still exist . still many Indonesian citizens living below the poverty line .

           

            The conclusion that can be drawn is that Indonesia has experienced ups and downs and still needs a lot of improvement . But sooner or later , our nation 's economy turmoil , it can be seen from :

1.      Higher poverty.

2.      Unemployment is rising because fewer jobs in bandingka the labor force.

3.      Still there are children who can not feel education.

4.      Increasingly the corrupt –free.

5.      Still has debts to foreign.

SSumber :

http://dwianggraini2416.blogspot.com/2012/03/kondisi-perekonomian-indonesia-sejak.html

http://reffisoebagyo4.wordpress.com/2013/09/10/kebijakan-presiden-bj-habibi-sampai-presiden-megawati/

http://adypato.wordpress.com/2010/06/16/kondisi-ekonomi-indonesia-pada-masa-orde-baru/

http://lystiasukmawitasari.blogspot.com/2012/03/perkembangan-pererekonomian-indonesia.html

http://ekosirsu.wordpress.com/2013/04/08/perekonomian-di-era-reformasi-pada-masa-pemerintahan-presiden-b-j-habibie/

http://memey7894.blogspot.com/2014/02/perekonomian-indonesia-pada-masa.html

2014 Election

          On Wednesday 9 April 2014 general election (election) in Indonesia, General Election (Election) is the process of selecting people to fill certain political positions. Positions are diverse, ranging from the president, elected representatives at various levels of government, the village head.

          

          The 2014 election will be the general election of members of DPR, DPD and DPRD in Indonesia. Election was held with the aim of choosing representatives (DPR) and the regional representatives (DPD), as well as to form a democratic government, robust, and secure popular support in order to realize the national objectives as the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945.

A list of 12 political parties established by the Commission as participants in the 2014 election:

1. The Party NasDem
2. PKB *
3. PKS *
4. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle *
5. Golkar Party *
6. Indonesia Movement Party * 
7. Democratic Party *
8. PAN *
9. Development Party *
10. The People's Conscience Party *
11. The Crescent Star Party (No. Sort 14)
12. Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (No. Sort 15)

Note: The * indicates the party that has seats in the House before the election results.

Local political parties in Aceh

1. The local political parties in Aceh
2. Aceh Peace Party
3. Aceh National Party
4. Aceh party

Terms of voters in pemilu2014:

1. Indonesian Citizens who are already 17 years old and has been / ever married.
2. Must be registered as a voter.
3. Not being disturbed soul / memories.

Voting procedures for the 2014 election:

           If in the past the 2009 election, by ticking the ballot sheet, the 2014 election ballot manner. So at the polling station supplied spikes and pads for voting. To select candidates for DPR and DPRD, there are three legitimate voting procedures, namely:

1. pierce needle in paper on the column sequence number, the symbol, and the name of a political party.
2. pierce needle in paper in column order number and the name of the candidate.
3. pierce needle in paper the column names and marks coblos political party in the column order number and the name of the candidate.

Then to select the members of the DPD, there are 3 ways:

1. pierce needle in paper mark on the photo DPD candidates.
2. pierce needle in paper sign in sequential DPD candidates.
3. pierce needle in paper sign on behalf DPD candidates.

Sumber :

https://id.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090407080708AAj9AoU

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilihan_umum

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_legislatif_Indonesia_2014

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_partai_politik_di_Indonesia

http://www.ppln-ceko.org/component/content/article/9-peserta-pemilu-2014/23-syarat-pemilih-dalam-pemilu-2014

http://okejoss.com/tata-cara-pemungutan-suara-pemilu-2014/5570