DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH
Direct Speech
is
a direct sentence by the speaker and if the sentence is then given written
quotes.
Example :
- Gading said ,”my brother comes Jakarta ”
- Ardi said,”I may watch the competition”
- Dodi said,”this is my car”
While
Indirect Speech
is
reported speech sentences or utterances of others. Or bias is also called
indirect sentences in writing and if the sentence is then not to be quoted.
Example
:
- Gading said,that his brother came Jakarta.
- Ardi said,that he might watch the competition.
- Dodi said,that this was his car.
Except :
Indirect Speech :
Reported
Speech When dealing with facts or common kebeneran becomes a habit, Simple
present in reported speech are not converted into the corresponding past tense,
but remain exactly as they are,
Example :
Direct Speech :
He said,”the sun rises in the east”
Indirect Speech :
He said that the sun rises in east.
Tense should be noted in this pattern are:
Direct Speech
:
- Simple Present Tense
- Present Continuous Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Simple Past Tense
- Simple Future Tense
- Future Continouos Tense
- Conditional
Indirect Speech :
- Simple Past Tense
- Past Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Past Future Tense/Conditional
- Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)
- Conditional
Adverb CHANGES OF TIME (TIME DESCRIPTION)
Direct : Indirect :
Here = There.
This book = The book.
This = That.
These = Those.
Now = Then.
Today = That day.
Tonight = That night.
This week = That week
Yesterday = The day before.
The day before yesterday = Two days
before.
Last night = The night before.
Last week/year = The previous week/year.
A year ago = A year before/the previous year.
Three years ago = Three years before.
Tomorrow = The next day/the following day.
The day after tomorrow = In two
day’s time/the following day.
Next week/year = The following week/year.
Over Sunday = On Sunday.
Over there = Over there.
*etc.
CHANGES Auxiliaries (WORD HELP)
Can = Could.
May = Might.
Might = Might.
Must = Would have to (kegiatan yang akan
datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
*etc.
Direct
& Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
- Statement
Example :
He said
He said to me that + reported words
He told me
Bob said, ” I’m a
university student”
Bob said that he was a
university student.
Lala said to me.”I have
eaten coklat now”
Lala said that she had
eating a coklat now.
If the introductory sentence in the form of Simple Present Tense, the sentence that reported no change.
Example :
John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
- Command
In the command line add the word "to" as a liaison with the reported sentence report. "Not to" the negative command.
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
Positif
The
teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”.
The teacher told the
students to be quiet while she is talking.
He told me, “wait for
me !”
He told me to wait for
him.
Negative
Father
asked her “Don’t go there alone”.
Father asked her not to
go there alone.
She told me, “don’t
cheat anymore !”
She told me not to
cheat anymore.
- Question
He asked me where
When etc.
Example :
He
asked me : “How will you go there ?”
He asked me how I would
go there.
Example :
Ina asked me, “Do you
really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether
I really loved her.
Note : Whether good or if it can be used interchangeably
Mix type :
If the questions and statements are incorporated into Reported Speech then we use the word "as" as a link in the sentence statement reported. In this case the sentence of the statement reported later.
Example :
He
told me :”I am off to the movie,” Where are you going ?”
He told me that he was
off to the movie and asked me where I was going.
If the direct question along with the answer "Yes and No", then we use the word "but" as a liaison to answer No and the word "and" as a connector for an answer Yes.
Example :
Mother
asked John :”Have you had lunch ?” No, I haven’t.
Mother asked John if he
had had lunch but he said he hadn’t.
Father asked me :”Are
you going to the movie tonight ?” Yes.
Father asked me if I
was going to the movie that night and I said I was.
Sumber :
